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Non-Ferrous Lead
Lead Battery Plates
Grade: RailsMedium Tier
Lead-acid battery plates, automotive or industrial
Market Price EstimateUpdated Daily
$1,950/ MT
+95 (5.1%)vs yesterday
Verified specifications & market data
Chemical Composition
Elemental breakdown by percentage weight.
Standard composition limits
Values represent maximum allowed percentage unless otherwise noted.
Physical Properties
Material form, density, and contamination specifications.
Post-consumer lead-acid battery plates; automotive batteries (vehicles, light-duty), industrial batteries (forklifts, backup power, uninterruptible power supplies); spent battery recycling stream; acid residue and separator material present; battery breaking/separation required; established lead recycling infrastructure; high-volume battery supply
Acceptable Inclusions
- Lead 70-80% (battery plate specification)
- Lead dioxide <15% (positive plate active material)
- Lead sulfate <10% (degradation product)
- Copper <2% (terminal residue)
- Antimony <2% (battery alloy)
- Sulfuric acid residue <2% (post-washing)
- Plastics/organics <1% (separator residue)
- Cadmium <0.01% (hazmat trace)
- Arsenic <0.01% (hazmat trace)
Prohibited Materials
- Intact batteries (must be broken; safety hazard)
- Heavy acid saturation (>3%; corrosive)
- Mixed ferrous/stainless contamination (>2%)
- Cadmium >0.01% (HAZMAT exceeds limit)
- Arsenic >0.01% (HAZMAT exceeds limit)
- Unknown battery type or composition
- Hazardous battery source (unknown chemistry)
Quality Assurance
Testing protocols, sampling methods, and acceptance criteria.
Sampling Protocol
frequencyStratified sampling by battery type; positive/negative plate ; degradation level variation; acid hazmat screening
maximumQuantity300+ plates per shipment
minimumQuantity30-100 samples or 1-2 tonnes
percentage12-15% of lot
stratificationSample across battery types; manufacturing eras; degradation states; lead content ; acid saturation variation; hazmat assessment
Acceptance Limits
acid Residue LimitSulfuric acid <2% confirmed post-washing; acid contamination ; processing feasible
all Criteria Must PassMaterial be separated battery plates; lead 70-80%; acid <2%; hazmat Cd/As <100 ppm each; processing protocol
arsenic LimitArsenic <100 ppm ; occupational hazmat
cadmium LimitCadmium <100 ppm ; occupational hazmat
copper LimitCopper <2% confirmed; alloying element acceptable
lead ContentLead 70-80% verified; purity within specification; highest-value lead commodity
lead Dioxide LimitLead dioxide <15% acceptable; active material content
plate IntegrityPlates structurally sound; separation quality good; processing viable
plate StatusConfirmed as separated battery plates; battery breaking ; positive/negative forms identified; rails grade
Weight Tolerance
measurementVerified by certified scale; weight accountability for high-value lead commodity; precision important
variance±5% from expected weight
Required Test Methods
Visual Plate Assessment
MANDATORY
Purpose
- confirm separated battery plates (not intact batteries)
- positive/negative form identified
- degradation assessed
Acceptance Criteria
- Battery plates clearly separated
- no intact battery cells
- positive (brown PbO2) and negative (gray lead) identified
- rails grade apparent
Procedure
- 100% visual inspection
- verify plate separation
- identify positive/negative plates
- confirm broken form
- assess overall condition
Lead Content & Purity Verification
CRITICAL
Purpose
- verify lead 70-80%
- confirm rails specification
- establish primary value
Acceptance Criteria
- Lead confirmed 70-80% per plate
- purity within specification
- rails grade standard
Procedure
- XRF lead verification
- identify lead plate composition
- assess degradation/sulfate presence
- document purity range
Sulfuric Acid Residue Assessment
CRITICALABSOLUTE
Purpose
- assess acid <2% post-washing
- determine acid leakage/hazmat level
- evaluate processing feasibility
Acceptance Criteria
- Acid residue <2% confirmed
- residual wetness minimal
- acid neutralization adequate
Procedure
- Acid detection (pH strips, visual wetness )
- acid quantification
- assess drainage quality
- document acid content percentage
Lead Dioxide & Sulfate Evaluation
Purpose
- Assess lead dioxide <15%, lead sulfate <10%
- confirm battery plate degradation profile
- establish processing complexity
Acceptance Criteria
- PbO2 <15% confirmed
- PbSO4 <10% verified
- battery degradation profile
Procedure
- Visual color assessment (brown for PbO2)
- X-ray diffraction if available
- document active material percentage
Hazmat Trace Detection - Cadmium & Arsenic
CRITICALEXTREMEABSOLUTEMANDATORY
Purpose
- detect cadmium <100 ppm and arsenic <100 ppm
- assess occupational hazmat risk
Acceptance Criteria
- Cadmium <100 ppm
- Arsenic <100 ppm
- hazmat cleared
Procedure
- ICP-AES ultra-sensitive analysis (ppm-level precision )
- cadmium specific quantification
- arsenic specific quantification
- hazmat status
Copper/Antimony Assessment
Purpose
- Assess copper <2% and antimony <2%
- confirm alloy composition
- identify manufacturing era (older Sb-lead vs. modern Ca-lead)
Acceptance Criteria
- Cu <2% and Sb <2% confirmed
- alloy specification
Procedure
- XRF alloy assessment
- identify copper/antimony content
- determine battery age/type
- assess processing parameters needed
Contamination Check
Purpose
- Assess plastic/organic residue <1%, iron <1%
- confirm material purity
- establish processing protocol
Acceptance Criteria
- Plastic/organic <1%
- iron <1%
- material clean for refining
Procedure
- Visual contamination assessment
- identify separator/case material residue
- magnetic test for iron
- assess cleaning adequacy